Answer
It is possible, but if the previous Russian international passport has already expired, the consulate may need proof of Russian citizenship. This procedure usually takes up to three months, so it should not be planned as a quick replacement before an urgent trip.
An expired passport does not mean the loss of citizenship, but it is no longer a valid travel document. If there is no other Russian identity document, the consulate must establish that the applicant remains a Russian citizen. A Uruguayan cédula is not sufficient: it confirms identity in the local system, not Russian citizenship.
To avoid delays, gather information about previous passports, place of birth, registration, parents, and changes of name or surname in advance. The more complete the documentary chain, the lower the risk of additional requests when applying.