The short answer
Yes, in Uruguay, you can apply for permanent residence immediately, without first obtaining temporary residency status. Permanent residence is an independent procedure, not just the next step after temporary status.
This is important for those who move with the intention of living in the country permanently. If a person's circumstances meet the conditions for permanent residence, there is no need to obtain temporary status merely to follow a formal sequence.
Temporary residence remains a separate option for study, work, or another limited period. If a person is already in Uruguay with temporary status and then decides to stay, a transition to permanent residence is possible, but this does not prove that the temporary stage is mandatory for everyone.